Establishing guidelines and deadlines for the completion of actions — Cultural note


នៅប្រទេសជប៉ុន នៅពេលគេកំណត់ថ្ងៃផុតកំណត់ផ្សេងដូចជា ការទទួលពាក្យសុំ ការដាក់ការងារឲ្យបំពេញ ជាដើម ភាគច្រើនគេមានទម្លាប់កំណត់ទាំងម៉ោងថែមទៀត ឧទាហរណ៍ត្រឹមថ្ងៃទីខែកញ្ញា ម៉ោង ១២ ថ្ងៃត្រង់។ល។ រីឯនៅប្រទេសកម្ពុជា គេមិនទម្លាប់កំណត់ដល់ម៉ោងនោះទេ គឺត្រឹមថ្ងៃនេះថ្ងៃនោះតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ ឬក៏ថាពេលព្រឹក ពេលល្ងាចជាដើម

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KhmerPronunciationEnglish/Notes
នៅ nɨv 1. in, at
2. to be located at, to live in or at, to reside, to stay, to be in
3. still, yet (pre-verbal marker of a durative or continuative aspect, as a final particle in the tag question ហើយឬនៅ it means 'yet' and as a reply to a question of this kind, it means 'not yet') {ញ៉ាំអីហើយនៅ? = Have you eaten already?}
ប្រទេស prɑteeh country, nation
ជប៉ុន ceaʔpon 1. Japan
2. Japanese
ពេល peel 1. time
2. moment, instant, period of time
គេ kee 1. he, she
2. one, someone
3. other(s)
កំណត់ kɑmnɑt 1. appointment
2. fixed period, limit, limitation
3. schedule
4. requirement, prerequisite
5. instruction
6. decision
7. propitious time (determined by an astrologer for beginning of various parts of the wedding ceremony)
8. piece, section
9. note, memo
10. notice
11. to set, fix, decide, stipulate, appoint, schedule, indicate
12. to note (down), record
13. to make a remark
ថ្ងៃផុតកំណត់ tŋay pʰot kɑmnɑt deadline
ផ្សេង pseeŋ to differ, to be different (from each other), to be separate
ដូចជា douc cie such as, like, as though, to seem as though, for instance
ការ kaa 1. commonly occurs as a nominalizing particle deriving abstract nouns or noun phrases from verbs or verb phrases
2. work, occupation
3. business, affair, matter
4. to protect, defend, prevent
5. to marry
6. marriage
7. wedding
8. interest (e.g., on a loan)
9. profit
10. usury
11. to wind (into a skein/bobbin/reel)
12. to spin (silk)
ទទួល tɔtuəl 1. to receive, to take
2. to accept, to agree
3. to meet (e.g., at an airport or station)
ពាក្យសុំ piek som 1. application, request
2. application form
ដាក់ dak 1. to put, place
2. to deposit
3. to add (ingredients)
4. to set (e.g., a trap)
5. to establish
6. to assign
7. to locate, settle, station
8. to lock up
9. to fasten
10. to use
11. to strike, hit hard
12. to affect
13. to subject someone to
14. to be hard hit, suffer a setback
15. to have bad luck, cause bad luck
16. to feel unwell, have an upset stomach (especially after eating certain fruits)
17. to contract for
18. to subscribe to
19. to renounce (a throne)
20. to put aside (religious vows)
21. in, into, on
22. to eat, drink
23. to kneel
24. command to an elephant to kneel by bending the rear legs
ការងារ kaaŋie job, work, profession, duty, task
ឲ្យ ʔaoy 1. to give
2. to let, to allow
3. for, to, in order to, so as to {ចង់ឲ្យខ្ញុំកុម្ម៉ង់អីញ៉ាំឲ្យហើយអត់? = Do you want me to order something for you already?}
4. in a... manner (forms adverbial phrases from predicatives)
Notes: also written អោយ, ឱ្យ
បំពេញ bɑmpɨɲ 1. to complete, fill (up), fulfill
2. to accomplish
3. to satisfy
ជាដើម cie daəm 1. for example, for instance
2. as above, as listed (or given) above
3. first of all, first and foremost
ភាគច្រើន pʰiek craən 1. mostly
2. majority
មាន mien 1. to have, possess, own
2. to exist, there is, there are
3. to be rich, own property
4. indicates the accomplishment of an action, to happen to, to have occasion to
Notes: in spoken Khmer, negated មាន (មិនមាន or គ្មាន) can be contracted into មាន, e.g., មានអ្នកណាចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there's nobody who wants to meet you’ — contrast this with the affirmative: មានគេចង់ជួបឯង = ‘there’s somebody who wants to meet you’
ទម្លាប់ tumloap 1. habit, custom
2. to make a habit of, to be accustomed to
ទាំង teaŋ 1. all, both {ទាំងពីរ = both} {ទាំង ... ទាំង ... = both ... and ...}
2. entirely, completely
3. adverb marker equivalent to ដោយ
ម៉ោង maoŋ 1. hour
2. o'clock
3. clock, time {សប្បាយពេកភ្លេចមើលម៉ោង = it was so much fun that I forgot to watch the clock} {គាត់សល់ម៉ោងច្រើនដែរ = she still has a lot of time}
ថែម tʰaem 1. to add (to), increase, to do something additional {ទិញមួយថែមមួយ = buy one, get one free}
2. to complete
3. to make change
4. again, more, in addition to, including, moreover
ទៀត tiət 1. again, still, more, further, yet, additional
2. to be different, other
ឧទាហរណ៍ ʔuʔtiehɑɑ 1. example
2. for example
ត្រឹម trəm 1. (precisely) at
2. up to, as far as
3. to be exact, accurate, precise, clear-cut
4. to be honest
5. to be true, correct, to be proper
6. accurately, precisely
ថ្ងៃ tŋay 1. day, daytime
2. sun
ទី tii 1. particle used to form ordinal numbers
2. spot, place, location
3. rank, function, service
ខែ kʰae 1. month
2. moon
កញ្ញា kaɲɲaa 1. September
2. girl, young woman
ថ្ងៃត្រង់ tŋay trɑŋ noon
។ល។ laʔ etc., and so forth, and so on
រីឯ rii ʔae as for, regarding
កម្ពុជា kampuʔcie Cambodia
មិន mɨn negative particle not, non- (usually requires the final particle ទេ)
ដល់ dɑl 1. to reach, to attain, to arrive at
2. to, toward, up to, as far as, at, until
នោះ nuh 1. that, those (often serves simply to emphasize something already referred to or something distant in time or space)
2. then
ទេ tee 1. particle: negative particle occurring in phrase final position especially after មិន, ពុំ, etc.
2. interrogative particle occurring in phrase final position, often in the combination ឬទេ
3. neutral/positive particle to add emphasis {ខ្ញុំសុខសប្បាយទេ = I'm fine!} {យកតែមួយទេ = I’ll take only one!}
គឺ kɨɨ 1. to be (equal to)
2. as follows, namely
ថ្ងៃនេះ tŋay nih today
rɨɨ 1. or
2. phrase-final interrogative particle {មិនមែនឬ = Isn't it true?}
តែប៉ុណ្ណោះ tae ponnɑh only, only that much
ឬក៏ rɨɨ kɑɑ or (on the other hand)
ថា tʰaa 1. to say, tell, pronounce
2. that (introduces a question or indirect discourse)
3. I've [just] said, [...]
ពេលព្រឹក peel prɨk morning, in the morning
ពេលល្ងាច peel lŋiec evening, in the evening